The tools for the selection of different parts of an image are several; here I will briefly explain the use of each. Its use is actually double, allows you to select a portion of the document to treat it, but also used to draw geometric forms, which can be assigned a fill color or outline (or both).
Understanding the choices in Photoshop
Rectangular Selection
Allows rectangular selections you can work with a type of relative size or a fixed size. This tool is accessed by pressing the M key
Circular Selection
This is same as above but for circular or elliptical shapes. To select a circular shape, it is just enough to click on the image and keeping the shift key, and move the mouse to cover the desired area. If you press the mouse button and then down the ALT key, where you clicked will be the center of the selection.
Horizontal
Select a horizontal rectangle 1 pixel in size. Activated by pressing one or more times the M key
Vertical Selection
Same as above, except that the selection is performed Vertical.
Tie Selection
This tool allows freehand selections. It may be practical for certain irregular selections that do not need much precision.
Select Polygonal Lasso
Selections can be made by successive clicks, and the final polygonal shape. Magnetic Lasso Selection
A refined form of link selection but it offers the opportunity to “adapt” to outline certain objects, as long as the definition of the data is good.
Wand Selection
This tool allows a selection from the hue of the pixel you have clicked, with some tolerance on the pixels of similar color.
Trim Selection
To delete unwanted parts of an image by a frame which can be performed with or without restriction sizes or proportions and even allows you to rotate the image framed.
Considerations of the selections
When a selection is required to have a form that is necessary to use a combination of several of these tools, you can add or subtract selections by holding down the SHIFT ALT (sum) or (subtraction).
Understanding the choices in Photoshop
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